Nature-Based Active Ingredients: Harnessing Plants and Microbes for Enhanced Biopesticide Efficacy Against Insect Pests

The aggressive attack of insect pests has led farmers to use of synthetic chemical pesticide as the main option to manage the infestation in most countries for decades mostly because its rapid effect. However, despite its effectiveness, there has been an increasing awareness on the harm caused by extensive and prolong use of chemical pesticide to non-target organisms and the environment as well as their highly cost price for the past few years. Recently, the use of natural substances as an alternative is gaining attention of researchers because the effect produced by this nature-based substance has been proven affective in laboratory and field trials. Thus, this review paper will contribute the knowledge and understanding of the potential of nature-based active ingredients for enhanced biopesticide efficacy against insect pests.