Aortic Valve: Stenosis, Regurgitation and Both

In this Chapter, the normal functioning of the Aortic Valve and how it alters due to pathology is discussed. The hemodynamics across the Aortic Valve in Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Regurgitation and both are discussed. The grading of severity and the causes are described in this chapter. The role of Echocardiogram in diagnosing Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation and both are described in detail. Knowing the normal values of measurements is essential so that when they exceed the range one may suspect and identify pathology. Once the pathology is identified, one should be on the lookout for associated findings, which are described in this chapter. To complete the picture, the symptoms and signs the patients present with are mentioned along with the treatment options. The differences between bioprosthetic valve and metallic valve are described. The different routes for the replacement of Aortic Valve are explained.