Normal and Abnormal Value Ranges and Degrees

In this chapter, the person doing the Echocardiogram is introduced to the different measurements that are necessary to differentiate normal from abnormal findings. Many of the pathological conditions can be diagnosed by doing and recording accurate measurements. All three modes (2D, M Mode and Doppler-Spectral) are addressed as pertaining to the values. It should become a habit after a while to memorize these values and include them in the reporting process. Until then, referring to these values on a daily basis should be the norm. The different parameters used to evaluate the functioning of the Heart and especially the Left Ventricle are listed. Some pathologies like severe Aortic Stenosis may not require additional tests to decide upon the treatment options. Thus, this chapter helps the person doing the Echocardiogram to find most of the values collected in one place for reference.