Defining the System Operation Modes and Key Parameters for the Conceptualization of CPS-Based Rice Milling Machine – Consideration of Quality Aspect

The emergence of cyber-physical systems (CPS) has revolutionized the development of smart systems. These systems are progressively adopting data-driven intelligent operations. The cyber part combines a set of data with embedded computing to monitor and control the physical components of the system. Through feedback loops, it enables the system to adapt its operational modes based on varying usage and operational scenarios, while striving to achieve the desired system performance. A system operation mode characterizes the behavior of a system at a specific point in time, based on the actual system configurations. With a specific focus on a conventional rice milling machine used in the local community, this paper aims to fulfill three primary objectives. Firstly, it seeks to identify a comprehensive set of parameters for operating a CPS-based milling machine. Secondly, it aims to define the system operation modes during the control setting stage of the machine across various operational scenarios. The potential system operation modes are determined by the diverse levels of multiple measured parameters, which are carefully selected by the rice milling process. Additionally, two external factors, namely rice moisture content and paddy seed variety, are taken into consideration. The variations in system operation modes can be aligned with the quality aspects of the final rice products. Finally, to delve deeper into the investigation, the study utilizes a design of experiment approach to examine the factors of the state of operation that significantly influence the quality of the rice grains. The analysis revealed that three factors including the area of the hopper feed, the rice adjuster, and the gap adjuster, exert a substantial impact on the number of broken grains.