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Introduction: Causation in Social-Ecological Systems

  • Lars-Göran Johansson,
  • Thomas Banitz,
  • Volker Grimm,
  • Tilman Hertz,
  • Emilie Lindkvist,
  • Rodrigo Martínez Peña,
  • Sonja Radosavljevic,
  • Petri Ylikoski,
  • Maja Schlüter

摘要

In this chapter we start the discussion about causal idiom by giving excerpts from three papers, each discussing the dynamics of a social-ecological system. There is plenty of talk about causes in these papers, but, interestingly, the authors talk about causes and effects without much reflection on the criteria for something being a cause of something else, nor about the required evidence for such claims.