Melanoma Risk with Immunomodulators

Immunosuppressive therapy has become commonplace for the treatment of inflammatory conditions and for minimizing rejection in transplant patients. However, immunosuppressive medications are associated with an increased risk of certain cancers. Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor and, as such, is strongly influenced by the immune system. This chapter outlines the mechanism of action and the available evidence of commonly used immunomodulating agents on their influence on melanoma development, recurrence, and progression. Dermatological follow-up should be considered in patients with traditional risk factors who need long-term immunomodulating treatment with an agent thought to increase risk of melanoma.