Horizontal Geographies: An Object Clarification

The relationship of scientific geography to the synthesis of complex and complicated regionally arranged elements is characterized by a tense relationship: This is much more pronounced as practiced in geography among German-speaking countries (‘German geography’) than among geography as practiced internationally (Eisel, U. (1980). Die Entwicklung der Anthropogeographie von einer „Raumwissenschaft “ zur Gesellschaftswissenschaft. Kassel: Gesamthochschul-Bibliothek.; Hard, G. (1973). Die Geographie. Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Einführung (Sammlung Göschen). Berlin: de Gruyter.; Wardenga, U. (1996). Von der Landeskunde zur „Landeskunde “. In G. Heinritz, G. Sandner, & R. Wießner (Eds.), Der Weg der deutschen Geographie. Rückblick und Ausblick (50. Deutscher Geographentag, vol. 4, pp. 132–141). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.; Wardenga, U. (2019). Vergangene Zukünfte – oder: Die Verhandlung neuer Möglichkeitsräume in der Geographie. Geographische Zeitschrift, (online first, 1–19). https://doi.org/10.25162/gz-2019-0009 ). Those who dealt with topics such as ‘landscape’ or ‘regional geography’ came under internal pressure to either fall into the trap of ‘simple realism’ or simply being antiquated as ‘yesterday’s’ in the face of increasing theoretical reflection, or to seek a theoretical justification or framework for their work. This present work is also the result of this ‘compulsion to reflect’.