Introduction

The classical aspect of geography has been in crisis for decades. What I describe as ‘horizontal geographies’ (i.e., the collective term for concepts that deal synthetically with spaces and landscapes (such as regional geographies, area studies, ‘regional studies’, etc.) needs to be redescribed. This redescription becomes clear notably from a comparatively low connectivity to theoretical discussions of recent years within the spatial-oriented sciences, which have liberated and developed spatially focused research from the reporting of little-directed empiricism as well as the processing of essentialist ‘residuals’.