Precision Tuning of PID Controller Parameters for Dynamic Stability Enhancement in GPSS-SMIB Systems: The HB-PSO Optimization Approach

This research work proposes to boost the transient stability of general purpose simulation system (GPSS) connected one machine unlimited bus system through proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller parameters optimized using hybrid optimization approach. The major intention is to render flexible environment for modelling, simulating, and analyzing the functioning of an electrical power system to enhance the system’s dynamic stability. It paves the way for sophisticated control system design by enabling comprehensive system modelling, dynamic simulations, parameter tuning, stability analysis, and development. Hybrid optimization approaches significantly improve stability of systems by fine-tuning PID controllers. This work focuses on hybrid butterfly-particle swarm optimization (HBPSO) uses to calibrate PID controller parameters for SMIB system is to enhance dynamic stability and control performance. HBPSO aims to effectively identify optimal or near-optimal PID controller settings by combining BOA and PSO. Its unique combination of PSO and BO improves control quality with decreased overshoot, settling time, steady-state error, robustness, responsiveness to changing system dynamics, enhancing SMIB system stability and reliability at various operating conditions. This research demonstrates the complex and nonlinear nature of power system dynamics through extensive GPSS simulation experiments and exhaustive simulations that an HB-PSO-optimized PID controller effectively provides the required stability and disturbance attenuation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HBPSO-based PID-MPSS configuration enhances damping performance compared to conventional MPSS approaches, validated through eigenvalue analysis confirming a favorable shift of unstable eigenvalues towards the stable region. Stability analysis for the hybrid controller at reducing 5%, 10%, and 15% load, the output of eigenvalue and damping ratio are − 1.59 ± j4.34 and 0.298. Also, implementing this technique not only settling time improve to 9, 4, and 3 s but also overshoot time to 7, 4, and 2 s by reducing 5%,10%, and 15% load.