Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Their Therapeutic Application on Fishes

Malnutrition, which affects about 30% of humanity all over the world can be overcome by the use of healthy aquatic organisms. Aquatic animals, including some fish species that have high nutritional and medicinal value, have faced a sharp decline over the past two decades because they are easily prone to epizootic ulcerative syndrome diseases, high fishing pressure, pollution, and habitat loss. Several efforts are being made by different researchers across the world to control the microbial infections of fish. High efficiency and lower toxicity of green synthesized organic and metal nanoparticles-based drugs have been selected by them. This chapter focuses on biogenic nanomaterials that have recently been employed by different researchers for the treatment of several fishes with various microbial diseases. After reviewing hundreds of reports it has been observed that silver and copper nanoparticles have been widely reported as antimicrobial substances for controlling fish diseases. However, other metals including zinc, gold, and selenium have also been reported to be strong candidates for drug designing to maintain aquatic fish in ex situ conditions. This study will be helpful for researchers to develop an effective and sustainable restoration of aquatic animals using green synthesized nanomaterials. Furthermore, such an approach will be helpful for keeping fishes healthier and reducing the global problem of malnutrition.