Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Cutting-Edge Characterization Strategies

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs), also known as synthetic antibodies or plastic antibodies, can be prepared using various polymerization methods involving a process called molecular imprinting technology. Molecular imprinting technology is based on the removal of the imprinted template from the polymeric network, leaving behind the specific binding sites that have a complementary shape and chemical functionality to the template. Thus, MIPs can be defined as synthetic polymers that possess specific molecular recognition capabilities for target analytes. The selective binding capabilities of MIPs make them valuable tools for detecting and extracting specific target molecules from complex matrices, such as environmental, food, and biological samples. Characterization of MIPs is essential to evaluate their performance and optimize their design for various applications. A comprehensive understanding of the characterization techniques employed in imprinted polymer research is crucial for advancing their design, synthesis, and application in diverse fields, ranging from sensors and separation technologies to drug delivery and catalysis. To achieve this goal, a wide variety of significant and powerful techniques have been employed to characterize MIP structures. Characterization techniques can be classified into four sub-categories: physical, chemical, thermal, and functional characterization. This chapter provides an overview of various techniques used to determine the imprinting efficiency, thermal stability, magnetic properties, surface characteristics, morphology, and the interactions existing in the polymer structure. Additionally, the chapter discusses and summarizes the general aspects and applications of the techniques used for the characterization of MIPs. This comprehensive overview aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a thorough understanding of cutting-edge characterization approaches employed in the design and optimization of imprinted polymers, facilitating their continued advancement in diverse applications.