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The principle of thermodynamic equilibrium is essential for further understanding of thermodynamics. Systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium do not change their state without external influence, i.e. they are fully at rest and the state variables do not alter in time, the system is in a steady state. All macroscopic fluxes of mass and energy within the system disappear. Thermodynamic equilibrium is characterised by

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Thermodynamic Equilibrium

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Achim Schmidt

摘要

The principle of thermodynamic equilibrium is essential for further understanding of thermodynamics. Systems that are in thermodynamic equilibrium do not change their state without external influence, i.e. they are fully at rest and the state variables do not alter in time, the system is in a steady state. All macroscopic fluxes of mass and energy within the system disappear. Thermodynamic equilibrium is characterised by