Applicability of River Bank Filtration for Affordable Drinking Water in the MENA Region: Hydrogeological Insights and Water Quality Implications

This chapter delves into the feasibility of implementing River Bank Filtration (RBF) as a sustainable and cost-effective solution for drinking water supply in Middle Eastern countries. Comprehensive assessments across diverse hydrogeological settings highlight both positive and negative influences on water quality. Notably, the study shows the successful application of RBF in alluvial aquifers along the Nile River (Egypt), Zarqa River (Jordan), and Sirwan Al-Kufa Rivers (Iraq), affirming the technique's viability. The interaction between surface water systems and adjacent coarse aquifers underscores the long-term effectiveness of RBF. The technology remarkably efficiently removes various pollutants, including organic and microorganic contaminants. However, careful design considerations are essential to minimize the contribution of ambient groundwater, known for elevated concentrations of organic compounds and metals. The ongoing operation of RBF wells is critical to sustained success, which helps increase the share of bank filtrate and counteracts declining surface water levels. Strategic well placement near the surface water system (aerobic zone) is recommended to prevent mobilization of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) into the bank filtrate. Economic analyses underscore RBF as a cost-effective alternative, delivering high water quality while surpassing conventional treatment techniques.