Rainwater Harvesting for Managed Aquifer Recharge and Flood Mitigation in the MENA Region

Water security is a pressing global concern, with particular significance for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which faces acute water scarcity challenges. MENA countries are among the most water-stressed in the world due to a combination of factors, including rapid population growth, climate change-induced droughts, and over-extraction of groundwater resources. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH)) for Managed Groundwater Recharge (MAR) and Flood Mitigation (FM). The chapter aims to investigate the various rainwater harvesting techniques, both traditional and modern, evaluating their applicability in diverse contexts and their role in mitigating flood risks. Additionally, the chapter will evaluate different methods of managed groundwater recharge, emphasizing their effectiveness in replenishing groundwater reserves and reducing the impact of floods. Finally, the chapter aspires to contribute to the understanding and advancement of sustainable water management practices and flood mitigation strategies. RWH techniques play a crucial role in supporting MAR and FM strategies. MAR involves the controlled replenishment of underground aquifers with rainwater, and these techniques serve as a primary source of this valuable resource. RWH systems, such as rooftop collection systems and surface runoff management, capture and channel rainwater for storage and subsequent infiltration into aquifers. This process not only helps restore groundwater levels but also improves water quality as the collected rainwater is usually free from contaminants. Additionally, by effectively managing excess rainwater during heavy downpours, these techniques contribute to flood mitigation efforts, reducing the risk of flooding in urban and rural areas. The integration of rainfall harvesting into MAR and flood mitigation strategies offers a sustainable and adaptable solution for addressing water scarcity and managing the impacts of extreme weather events.