Medicinal Plants in Europe and Africa: Looking Beyond Tradition and Toward Gene Regulation

Traditional medicine has a long history and is part of the cultural heritage of many communities. Many populations still rely on traditional medicine to meet the primary healthcare needs, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Owing to these considerations, traditional medicine has become a key topic of the scientific research strategy of the EU, of the WHO for the attainment of the status of complete well-being as health, and of UNESCO, as it is part of the intangible cultural heritage for humanity. One of the most widespread systems of traditional medicine today is the African one, that constitutes a diverse and multifaceted knowledge system since it combines many global and local elements. Considering the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation and regarding the achievement of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda, the validation process of traditional medicine preparations is fundamental. New forms of integrative research need to be implemented connecting scientific investigation and traditional medicine. It is crucial to involve in this process traditional healers and local communities, to make a benefit-sharing possible, where scientifically validated traditional medicines in local production lead to income and employment opportunities and better health for everyone.