Leveraging Data Science for Defence in the Digital Age: Defence AI in the Netherlands

Data science and AI play vital roles in realizing the Dutch Ministry of Defence’s (MoD) vision to work in a “data-driven” manner by 2035. Regarding these technologies, the Dutch MoD prioritizes responsible AI and data science, aiming for technological advancement, information-driven operations, while at the same time becoming a reliable player and advocate in the field of responsible AI. The Dutch MoD holds a human-centric view on AI as a capability multiplier. The Data Science and AI Strategy 2023–2027 emphasizes the importance of high-quality IT, data governance, and ethical decision-making using state of the art AI and data science methodologies. To gain new insights and support decision-making with the use of AI and data science, the Dutch MoD invests in enhancing knowledge and collaboration with public and private partners, while also experimenting internally with AI and data science on five key themes: autonomous systems, military decision-making and intelligence, predictive maintenance, safety, and business operations. The Dutch MoD commits to invest at least 2% of expenses of the defence budget in research and technology development and focuses on integrating AI into unmanned systems, decision support, logistics, and security. Collaboration and human oversight are emphasized through partnerships with EU and NATO partners, knowledge institutions, and industry. Educating personnel at all levels within the MoD on the use of data (scientific tools) and AI’s implications, including their ethical aspects, is crucial, with the Data Science Centre of Excellence leading in the field of academic knowledge enhancement. Overall, the Dutch MoD is dedicated to advance research, development, collaboration, and ethical principles in AI and data science to position the Netherlands as a leader in the responsible use of AI in the military domain.