Anencephaly

Anencephaly is a significant developmental disorder of the central nervous system with substantial deformation of the brain and cranial vault. The hindbrain is present, but the cerebrum and cerebellum are smaller or nonexistent. The range of neural tube defects (NTDs) includes anencephaly. When the neural tube doesn’t shut between the third and fourth weeks of development, it develops this abnormality, which can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, or infant death. Despite the lack of knowledge regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of anencephaly, it is believed that a number of environmental and dietary variables contribute to the disorder. Folate deficiency is a significant nutritional risk factor that has been linked to the development of the disease. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) testing can detect the great majority of anencephaly patients during the second pregnant trimester. 2-dimensional prenatal ultrasonography which has advanced over time, has supplanted the screening approach of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values. Anencephaly is incompatible with life. Preventive care is the most crucial component of this condition’s management. Recommending supplements of folic acid for females who are able to conceive is the simplest strategy to lower the prevalence of anencephaly.