Control and Evaluation

At the end of the twentieth century, the Japanese government began using evaluation as a means of ensuring accountability, and controlling the public administration became synonymous with accountability. This chapter will explain the history and current situation of such evaluation and point out its problems. In Japan, control of public administration became a system that uses various methods to pursue various accountabilities. And New Public Management (NPM) has also influenced the system. The way of thinking about control by traditional laws and regulations has also continued, and therefore, a problem (“overload of accountability”) arose. Based on those things, this chapter will introduce the proposals that Japanese government adopted to continue evaluation.