The New World of Codes

After the discovery of the genetic code, in the 1960s, a second code—the metabolic code—was proposed in 1975 by Gordon Tomkins (1975), and a third code—the epigenetic body code—was discovered in 1979 by David Elder (1979). A few years later Edward Trifonov announced a fourth family of codes, the sequence codes (Trifonov 1987, 1989, 1996, 1999) and Redies and Takeichi described a fifth class—the adhesion codes (Redies and Takeichi 1996).