The purpose of this chapter is to walk the clinician through a sports medicine physical examination of the shoulder following a complete history of injury and symptoms beginning with inspection and concluding with special tests of the shoulder. The importance of a clinical examination is obvious to the physician, and this chapter guides which examinations are mandatory in the acute phase and which are better performed in the chronic setting. The examination cannot necessarily give us the diagnosis in all settings. The physician will have to combine the different shoulder tests with their knowledge of the patient’s history and radiologic findings. A thorough physical examination is the key for diagnosing an athlete’s shoulder pain. The basics of inspection, palpation, and range of motion will initiate all examinations to be followed by specific shoulder tests assessing pathology of the labrum, the biceps, and the rotator cuff, which is comprehensively described and illustrated in figures.