Sports-related injuries are a leading cause of traumatic neurologic injuries in active populations. As a result, it is critical to understand the neurological aspects of athletic injury and recovery. The goal of neurologic recovery after an athletic injury is to avoid additional injury while supporting the athlete’s hemodynamics necessary for neurologic healing. Return to athletic activity after a neurologic injury, with or without surgery, depends on a proper rehabilitation program. Regardless of the athlete’s level of competition, the goal is to restore normal movement patterns and strength to the hips, legs, and spine. To accomplish this goal, the patient’s physician, physical therapist, athletic trainer, and athlete must all work together. In this chapter, we discuss the anatomy of the nervous system, the basic science of nerve injury, the initial management of neurologic injury in athletes, and rehabilitation strategies for the neurologically injured athlete. Specific rehab strategies discussed include sleep, massage, neural mobilization, dynamic splinting, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, low level laser therapy, nutritional therapy, and cryotherapy.