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Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage repair was introduced clinically in 1987. The first- and second-generation ACI consisted of open surgery with implantation of cells in suspension under a sutured autologous or xenogeneic membrane. Today’s third and fourth generations of ACI use matrices either with direct cell seeding or with in vitro grown cells mainly used for transarthroscopic implantations. Transarthroscopic surgery reduces the morbidity for the patients and also fastens up the rehab process. In this chapter, the existing new third and fourth ACI techniques are presented and discussed.

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Cartilage Repair with Third and Fourth Generations of Chondrocyte Implantations

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mats Brittberg

摘要

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for cartilage repair was introduced clinically in 1987. The first- and second-generation ACI consisted of open surgery with implantation of cells in suspension under a sutured autologous or xenogeneic membrane. Today’s third and fourth generations of ACI use matrices either with direct cell seeding or with in vitro grown cells mainly used for transarthroscopic implantations. Transarthroscopic surgery reduces the morbidity for the patients and also fastens up the rehab process. In this chapter, the existing new third and fourth ACI techniques are presented and discussed.