Removal of Environmental Pollutants from Industrial Wastewater Using Conventional, Advanced Biotechnological Wastewater Treatment Processes

Climate change, population explosion and continuous depletion of water resources have rendered a potable competitive resource in many parts of the globe. Wastewater from industries contains huge amounts of organic matter, nutrients, particulates, and much of toxic substances which are extremely harmful heavy metals, if consumed. Hence, wastewater can't be re-utilized unless treated. There are several physical, chemical, and biological methods which will be used for treating wastewater but most of them are too expensive and don't seem to be always feasible. Hence, the event of cheap and feasible methods for providinfresh water as per requirements is that the need of the water industry. Traditional wastewater treatment technologies remain ineffective for providing adequate safe water because of the increasing demand for water as well as stringent health guidelines and emerging contaminants. Biotechnology-based processes are now providing affordable solutions to industrial wastewater treatments that don't depend upon large infrastructures or centralized systems. Membrane filtration techniques that are pressure-driven like—microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and RO (Reverse Osmosis), are considered to be a number of the newest and highly effective processes. NF and RO filtration techniques have proved to be quite effective for the removal of micropollutants. Biotechnological upgrades to standard processes are now the requirement of the hour. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the possible applications of nanoparticles/ fibers for the removal of pollutants from water/ wastewater.