Recent Advancements in Developing Nanobiosensors for Treating Inflammatory Diseases of Human: A Comprehensive Overview

Nanobiosensor has been the major advantageous modification of conventional biosensing devices for meeting the needs of advanced diagnosis and treatment of several complicated human diseases nowadays. Fabrication of bioactive molecules (enzymes, antibodies, etc.) and micro-organisms with nanoparticles, nanocomposites and other miniaturized nanomaterials has been the key in developing efficient nanobiosensors. The major aim behind using nanomaterials and developing sensing device is to upgrade the sensing ability of the conventionally used biosensors. Hitherto, the available biosensing devices require higher quantities of samples which is a tough task to meet for many of the complex infectious and inflammatory diseases like neurodegenerative diseases, fatty liver diseases, intracellular infections, etc. Nanobiosensors seem to be the solution for this limitation with higher degree of sensing efficacy, higher level of accuracy and reduced noise. In this context, biotribology of nanomaterial-biomolecule/enzyme interactions could provide substantial knowledge in improving the efficacy of the developed sensors. In this chapter, recent advancement in the field of nanobiosensor developments with a special emphasis on the biotribological aspects and their potential application for diagnosing complicated human inflammatory diseases have been discussed by reviewing the path-breaking discoveries, literatures and available information in various databases.