The Bilateral Relations Between Azerbaijan and Iran During the Heydar Aliyev Period

This article examines the dynamics of bilateral relations between Iran and Azerbaijan during the Heydar Aliyev period. It asserts that the Islamic Republic of Iran pursued a pragmatic approach, rather than establishing a close partnership, while Azerbaijan adopted a balanced policy in its dealings with its southern neighbor. The study delves into the various internal and external factors that both directly and indirectly influenced the course of this relationship. Key factors under consideration include threat perceptions regarding the emergence of nationalism, the spread of religious extremism, the influence of external powers, and regional rivalries. The main approach underscores the pivotal role played by a security-oriented approach in shaping the relationship. It highlights the primary concerns of both parties, which date back to the early 1990s, and how these concerns have contributed to shaping regional dynamics.