Sustainable Solid Waste Disposal to Mitigate Water Pollution Problem and Its Social Environmental Impact

Solid waste disposal is a widespread problem worldwide, more precisely in urban areas. Solid waste disposal involves several complex technical challenges not limited to environmental pollution but also harm the water ecology. Solid waste can create unsanitary conditions and damage the ground surface water, leading to water pollution and adversely affecting the human population worldwide. The government authorities, stakeholders, and policymakers are responsible for not taking proper measures to mitigate this serious issue that may cause worldwide water scarcity. Therefore, this chapter discusses recent innovations in sustainable solid waste disposal to mitigate the water pollution problem and its social and environmental impact with several steps. Utilization of surfactants is prioritized, which attributes to eco-friendly and cost-optimization processes for wastewater treatment. The application of surfactants and biosurfactants in water treatment shows a promising future due to its increased bioavailability, low cost, easy applicability, and affordability for poor countries. Various challenges regarding the implementation of water treatment to stop water pollution are thoroughly reviewed, and relevant data are analyzed to develop a sustainable water treatment plan using biosurfactants. Different types of waste, categorizing it, and developing approaches for scalable and sustainable methods to deal with water pollution are discussed. Moreover, proper monitoring of the situation and selection of regions based on the urgency and selection of particular sustainable methods in a scientific way can help in the implementation process to improve the quality of freshwater, the water ecosystem, and the environment. The sustainable waste management method also aims to minimize the health-related risk associated with water pollution with a promising approach to mitigate water scarcity worldwide.