Optimisation of Design for PCM-Enhanced Buildings Through Parametric Modelling and Multi-objective Methodology

Phase change materials (PCM) are gaining recognition for their ability to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions in buildings by effectively regulating indoor temperature fluctuations. However, the intricate interplay of factors encompassing PCM dosage, envelope design, and climatic conditions significantly influences the thermal performance of PCM-enhanced buildings. Additionally, the initial investment cost of PCM remains a primary consideration. Therefore, this paper introduces an innovative approach that combines parametric modelling with multi-objective optimization methodology to address diverse design objectives for PCM-enhanced buildings, including optimal operational energy consumption (BOEC), optimal life cycle economic benefit (LCEB), and optimal life cycle carbon reduction (LCCR). The research findings indicate that optimal design solutions can be tailored to specific climatic regions for applying PCM-enhanced envelopes. Comparative analysis against a reference building reveals noteworthy trends, with Shenzhen City exhibiting the highest energy efficiency rate at 38.54%, while Kunming City records a lowest rate of 26.15%. Interestingly, Shenyang City demonstrates the highest values in terms of optimal LCEB and optimal LCCR, with figures of 1346.84 CNY/m2 and 3364.95 kg CO2·e/m2, respectively.