Sustainable Treatment of Agro-wastes for the Development of Novel Products Especially Bioenergy: Prospects and Constraints

Presently the generation of agro-wastes is obvious because the demand for crop production has been elevated manyfold. These agro-waste ultimately pose a threat to the environment if they are not treated properly. However, after suitable treatment, these wastes can be converted into eco-friendly products. Scientists are involved in developing ways for proper utilization of these wastes for the benefit of society. There are different techniques called valorization, for the conversion of agro-wastes to value-added products. Agro-waste valorization encompasses physical, chemical, and biological treatment techniques, known as pretreatment techniques in unison. So, the production of different important by-products from agro-waste is the major challenge to the present researchers. The major bioproducts after the valorization of agro-waste are the production of organic fertilizers like vermicompost, green manure, different bioactive substances, and biofuels like biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, and biodiesel. Limitations for the production of these value-added products from agro-waste have also been discussed in this chapter.