Current Scientific Image of Children with Motor Impairments: Clinical, Psychological, and Pedagogical Peculiarities and Special Educational Needs

The presented work was conducted within the framework of a large-scale study of clinical, psychological, and pedagogical features of children with motor impairments. The peculiarities of the psycho-physical development of children and teenagers with motor impairments (N = 1082), leading to disability or the status of “child with disabilities,” were studied during a comprehensive examination. The age of the research participants was 0–17 years old. The author found that children with locomotor disabilities are a heterogeneous group, within which different typological variants of development are presented, including those opposite in terms of proximity to the conditional norm, which generally determines a wide variability and specificity of special educational needs of children with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The research methods include the study of medical and psycho-pedagogical documentation, observation, and experiment. The author identified nosological features of different groups of children with motor impairments and established the relationship between these features and the special educational needs of students. The data obtained make it possible to more accurately predict the educational program for children with MSDs and regulate the organization of special conditions in educational organizations for students and pupils with motor disabilities to improve the quality of their education.