Institutionalising European HE Internationalisation

In England, France, and Germany, the decades prior to Brexit and COVID-19 were marked by the growing significance of the international dimension across national HE systems as well as the Europeanisation of the latter. This chapter first provides an overview of European HE policy integration during the post-war period with a particular focus on student mobility policies that have institutionalised the latter, most notably the Erasmus programme and the Bologna process. Key events surrounding the integration of European HE are summarised in a timeline. The overview of the EU’s HE policies is followed by an introduction into the HE systems of England, France, and Germany; and a characterisation of their respective HE internationalisation strategies until the beginning of the age of disruption in 2016.