Cellulitis and Erysipelas

Erysipelas and cellulitis are acute bacterial infections of the skin and underlying soft tissue. Although they are common dermatological presentations in travelers, their true prevalence in this group remains largely unknown. Cellulitis and erysipelas usually follow a breach in the skin which may be acquired during travel activities or pre-existing. Common causes in the traveler are skin injuries and insect bites. The most frequent bacteria causing cellulitis and erysipelas are Streptococci and Staphylococcus Aureus. However, unusual or atypical microorganisms may be implicated and should be considered in travelers, depending on travel itinerary and environmental exposures. Treatment of uncomplicated cellulitis and erysipelas is based on oral antibiotics and is typically carried out in the outpatient setting. More severe cases may require hospitalisation and may manifest with abscess formation, necrotising fasciitis, osteomyelitis, and septicaemia. Underlying systemic disorders, especially those leading to a suppressed immune system, may favour a more severe clinical presentation and a worse outcome and should be promptly recognised. Preventative measures for cellulitis and erysipelas in travelers include avoidance of skin injuries, protection from insect bites, maintaining good skin hygiene, and addressing any underlying predisposing factors where possible.