Understanding Education and Health Status of Social Groups: Exploring Equity Perspectives in India

India has made significant strides in improving the health of its population, yet a substantial gap persists among social groups. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of the population, educational status, and maternal and child healthcare conditions of the Indian population based on social groups. The data for the study was procured from various secondary sources, including the Census of India (2001 and 2011), NFHS 4th (2015–16) and 5th (2019–21), NSSO, and others. The study reveals an overall population increase across all social groups, with positive progress in literacy rates. However, a literacy gap persists between marginalized groups and the general population. To bridge this gap, attempts are being made to enhance education for marginalized communities, including the execution of a reservation policy for SCs, STs, and OBCs in educational institutions, government schemes, and financial aid programs. Apart from education, health disparities also endure among diverse social groups based on socioeconomic factors and marginalized status. The study reveals disparities in antenatal care visits, institutional births, and nutritional status among children, particularly in socially marginalized communities. To address these concerns, awareness campaigns, health education, and targeted interventions need to be employed to alleviate disparities and promote equitable development and overall well-being for the population. It is crucial to continue implementing targeted policies and affirmative actions to bridge the gap and achieve equitable growth across all social groups in India.