Instabilities and Degradation in Perovskite Materials and Devices

Perovskite semiconductorsPerovskite semiconductor have undergone the fastest metamorphosis in recent years from a lab-scale research curiosity to a serious contender in the semiconductor optoelectronics industry. Although this can be attributed to its several desirable properties, instabilityInstabilities issues have been an enormous last-mile hurdle in its final translation to consumer use. Thus, the imminent necessity in this field is to understand and investigate stability-related shortcomings of the material, propose rational strategies to tackle these through both theoretical and experimental findings and finally pave the way for long-term stabilityStability, suitable for commercial standards. In this chapter, we aim to provide a bird’s eye view of the various instabilityInstabilities mechanisms seen in perovskitesPerovskites and their concomitant impact on device performance. We briefly discuss the origin of instabilitiesInstabilities, both inherent and those brought about by external factors. We then emphasise their effects in real-world conditions by citing their implications in operational devices. Following this, we touch upon the most frequently employed stabilization strategies for these materials that have proven crucial for their massive improvement in such a short span of research. Finally, we discuss the standardized stabilityStability testing protocols for the most common device applications of perovskitesPerovskites. We conclude by deliberating on the challenges that still remain conspicuous in the field and try to put forth some outlook on what the future could look like for perovskitePerovskites optoelectronics.