Review of TMJ Surgery for Non-surgeons

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a ginglymoarthrodial joint. Normally, TMJ performs coordinated movements as a single functional unit with sliding surfaces that cooperate in perfect harmony with the neuromuscular elements. The structural elements of the TMJ (articular surfaces, articular disc, muscles, and ligaments) support basic functions such as chewing, breathing, speech, and development of the craniofacial complex. TMJ can be affected by various pathological conditions, which cause dysfunctional disorders with a wide range of clinical symptoms and severity. The role of TMJ surgery as a treatment option, is occasionally the only way to correct and restore function. This occurs in cases where the joint is affected by neoplasia, ankylosis, or congenital and developmental disorders. However, for the most common TMJ diseases, associated with osteoarticular damage and functional disorders of the articular disk (internal derangement), the role of surgery is less clear. The aim of this chapter is to present the role of surgery in the treatment of TMJ disorders by highlighting its indications and contraindications. It is addressed to the general dentist, and healthcare providers who most often meet patients with TMJ functional disorders. Therefore, dentists must have a comprehensive knowledge of both pathology and therapeutic modalities that currently are available and provide the maximum benefits for patients.