Steering Systems

The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide the automotive engineer with a basic understanding of steering systems. It reviews current and modern designs with accompanying theories regarding the forces within the systems, both static and dynamic. It considers power assistance and the move towards steer-by-wire as full electronic control becomes increasingly reliable. The theory is supported by worked examples and “case studies” that more readily demonstrate their application. As such the engineer should be in a position to develop appropriate in-house computer-aided design packages that meet a specific need without unnecessary peripheral features. The chapter begins by introducing requirements and regulations that govern the basic design strategies. It continues with consideration of steering geometry and current common designs. The forces imposed on the steering system, both for a stationary and moving vehicle, are introduced along with the move towards electric steering systems. The chapter concludes by considering four wheel steer and additional steering assistance.