Time–Space Non-stationary IS-GBSM for UAV Wideband Channels

This chapter proposes a non-stationary three-dimensional (3D) irregular-shaped geometry-based stochastic model (IS-GBSM) for fifth generation (5G) and beyond massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) channels. This is the first sixth generation (6G) massive MIMO mmWave UAV IS-GBSM that can model the UAV channel space–time non-stationarity and can describe the impact of some unique UAV-related parameters, e.g., the UAV’s moving direction, height, as well as speed, on channel statistical properties. To properly represent the space–time non-stationarity in UAV scenarios, a novel UAV-related space–time cluster evolution algorithm is developed. The developed algorithm considers the characteristics of UAV communications on the modeling of space–time non-stationarity. Based on the proposed model, some channel statistical properties are derived and thoroughly investigated, including the space–time–frequency correlation function (STF-CF), Doppler power spectral density (PSD), envelope level crossing rate (LCR), and average fade duration (AFD). Some numerical results and interesting observations are given, and the impact of UAV-related parameters on channel statistical properties is explored, which can provide assistance for the design of 6G massive MIMO mmWave UAV communication systems. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model is verified by the close agreement between simulation results and measurement.