NeuroAIDS, Comorbid Mood Disorders and Neuropsychiatric Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy

Mental illnesses may be directly associated with the neuropathology of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Comorbid psychiatric conditions in persons living with HIV(PLWH) are a major health concern. HIV has been shown to directly affect the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to neurocognitive disorders collectively termed NeuroAIDS. In addition to the virus’ direct impacts on the brain, the medications used in the treatment of HIV have also been shown to have a direct link to neuropsychiatric dysfunction. The combination of these two intrusions has led to substantial morbidity and mortality within the HIV population. This chapter reviews the literature surrounding NeuroAIDS, along with the literature related to the medications used for HIV treatment, specifically in relation to mood dysfunction.