Mpox: An Emerging Global Orthopoxvirus Outbreak

Mpox (monkeypox) is a viral infection caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV) — an Orthopoxvirus. MPXV was discovered over five decades ago, and the first human case was reported in 1970. The disease has now gained notoriety since a global outbreak occurred in 2022–2023 (Monkeypox. https://www.who.int/health-topics/monkeypox . Accessed 10 Sept 2023). Mpox can spread by direct and zoonotic transmission. The reemergence of MPXV was noted after the end of the smallpox vaccination era in 1980 (Mpox (monkeypox). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/monkeypox . Accessed 10 Sept 2023). Given its propensity to cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals, as well as the challenges associated with diagnosis, management, and prevention, this is an important disease for clinicians to be aware of, diagnose promptly, and manage appropriately.