Canada, Newfoundland and Bermuda

A time ball on the Citadel in Quebec City was erected in 1852. Another at Saint John was erected in 1870 and later changed location, followed by a time ball at Halifax in 1904. A gun at Halifax had been used previously and complemented the time ball afterwards. Several time balls in eastern Canada used a caged arrangement so the time ball could be operated in harsh winter conditions. Many were seasonal. A time gun at Vancouver was first listed in 1904, followed by a time ball at Victoria in 1916. Canadian time balls had all been withdrawn before 1947, leaving four time guns. The only signal in Newfoundland was a time gun on Signal Hill at St. John’s. This was listed by the Admiralty throughout the period from 1880 to 1947, with a warning that it was not suitable for rating chronometers. A time ball at the dockyard in Bermuda was listed from 1880 to 1904.