Conclusion: Future Developments in Restorative Justice in the Global Energy Sector

This concluding chapter encapsulates the pivotal role of restorative justice in energy and climate policy, examining recent landmark decisions in Ecuador and California. As we navigate the intricacies of the just transition, the adaptability of restorative justice emerges as a guiding light for addressing diverse global energy-related injustices. The Ecuadorian referendum's decision to cease oil extraction in the Yasuní National Park and California’s lawsuit against major oil and gas companies serve as critical tests for restorative justice principles. These cases vividly illustrate that the concerted efforts of impacted communities, particularly with some support from a government branch, notably the Judiciary, can yield substantial progress. Looking ahead, the study emphasises the imperative of adopting a comprehensive approach to the just transition. It advocates for heightened attention to the context, culture, and stage of its application (local, national, and international) to define various groups or communities as impacted and recognise different injustices. The call is for holding offending parties accountable and taking a forward-looking approach (future-proofing) to proactively prevent future harms in the energy sector. This chapter acts as a conduit to a ‘new social contract’ between the energy industry and society, with restorative justice as a catalyst.