Restorative Justice in Petrostates

This chapter explores the application of restorative justice in the fossil fuel industry. It addresses a notable gap in existing literature by uncovering and rectifying injustices unique to the fossil fuel sector, which surpass those associated with alternative energy sources. The chapter emphasises that applying restorative justice principles to the industry can significantly reduce the global impact of climate change and environmental damage while ensuring financial resources for restoration of the impacts. It argues for the proactive integration of restorative justice in the initiation of new projects, promoting responsibility and accountability in the oil, gas, and mining sectors. The chapter adopts a case-study approach, analysing restorative justice applications in three countries with a comparative analysis of Iran, Canada, and Malaysia. Through the analysis it also offers a comprehensive understanding of when and how restorative justice can be effectively applied.