Evolution of Imaging in Flap Reconstruction

This chapter aims to discuss the evolution of imaging in flap reconstruction using six key landmark papers in three chosen imaging modalities. These are computed tomography angiography, duplex ultrasound, and indocyanine green angiography. While these modalities have been used for many years in other fields before their adoption in plastic surgery, these papers mark the birth and development of concepts that are now fundamental and widely used in reconstructive flap surgery. Papers that have expanded on their indications and improved their efficacies are also cited in this paper so that surgeons get a more comprehensive overview of each option.