Evaluation of the Validity of Water Storage Tanks and the Impact of Water’s Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics

Water storage tanks are widely used in all buildings (offices, hospitals, schools, etc.). To maintain good water quality, storage tanks must be periodically maintained and cleaned; otherwise, many problems can arise, rendering the water unsafe for use. This study evaluated the water quality at the University Of Technology (UOT) in Baghdad, Iraq, in 2023. Water samples were periodically taken from various sites within the university, including the main supply sources and tanks. The primary elements evaluated were bacterial growth (total coliform test, E. coli test, and total viable count [CFU/mL]), and various chemical and physical parameters (pH, EC, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total hardness, Ca+, Mg++, and heavy metals [Cd, Cu, Fe, and Pb]) were investigated using different devices to assess water quality and obtain a water quality index (WQI). Results showed some increased values of calcium concentrations (Ca+), electrical conductivity (EC), and TDS, especially at the end points of sampling. Bacterial growth was observed at the main supply point, whereas heavy metal values (Cu, Cd, and Pb) were not detected. Fe values were also within acceptable limits. Generally, the quality of the water used at the university can be classified as good.