Literature Review on Vanadium Dioxide (VO2): An Intelligent Material

Current condensed matter physics research is primarily focused on the investigation of materials undergoing phase transitions. In this paper, we will first delve into the literature to examine the material vanadium and its various vanadium oxides. Subsequently, this paper will be dedicated to a discussion of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a metallic oxide known for its phase transition occurring at a temperature of 68 °C. This phenomenon qualifies it as a smart material, characterized by a sudden crystalline structure change from monoclinic to tetragonal rutile in just a few nanoseconds. In the semiconducting phase, it exhibits an energy gap of approximately 0.7 eV. Further details about its crystallographic structure and the various external stimuli capable of inducing its phase transition will also be addressed, including temperature variations (thermal activation), light pulses (optical activation), electric fields (electrical activation), electrochemical reactions (electrochemical activation), pressure (mechanical activation), or magnetic fields (magnetic activation).