Neuropsychological Rehabilitation in Patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Individuals with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) usually present neuropsychological deficits, especially in executive functioning. However, since ADHD is a complex and multifactorial condition, these deficits are not uniform in all individuals. Neuropsychological intervention in children with ADHD encompasses a variety of approaches and strategies, including behavioral procedures, psychotherapy, parent counseling, cognitive training, neurofeedback, and school-based interventions. These interventions are presented and discussed throughout the chapter. One widely used model is the Holistic Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, which sets individualized goals and seeks to improve the individual’s overall functioning by considering clinical, cognitive, emotional, and social aspects. This chapter also presents a case study of a child with ADHD, highlighting an example of planning of the neuropsychological rehabilitation designed according to the current cognitive and behavioral profile. The main strategies adopted are discussed, as well as the results achieved with the intervention. Through this clinical case, the authors seek to illustrate how neuropsychological rehabilitation can be applied to ADHD, taking into account individual needs. Evidence indicates that multimodal treatments, such as those mentioned, can produce significant gains in several areas of the ADHD child’s life. This chapter aims to provide professionals with references and guidelines for neuropsychological intervention in ADHD, assisting the development of effective strategies to improve the cognitive and behavioral functioning of the children.