Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: New Perspectives in the Rehabilitation of Children and Adolescents

This chapter discusses noninvasive modulation of brain activity through low-intensity currents, focusing on Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) as a technique explored for treating neuropsychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. The developing brain’s greater plasticity makes it more responsive to interventions, rendering tDCS a promising tool for aiding in the treatment of disorders during this life stage. Despite challenges, such as the lack of specific guidelines for stimulation parameters in this age group, tDCS holds several advantages, including the ability to induce lasting changes in cortical excitability safely and cost-effectively. Additionally, neuromodulation has garnered interest in various research areas due to its potential positive effects on cognitive rehabilitation and learning process improvement, including the possibility of intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders. The chapter underscores the importance of further research on tDCS in children and adolescents to expand knowledge about this technique and its application as a noninvasive tool in cognitive functions rehabilitation.