Design Paradigm Transformation

According to the degree of complexity, Heifetz divided problems into three categories. The first category consists of technical problems that have well-defined issues and direct solutions. The second category includes problems that can be clearly defined, but lack a clear solution; proposed solutions must be tested based on results. The third category encompasses problems that are neither clearly defined nor easily solved. These are wicked problems that require approximate, well-formulated questions and progressive solutions. Problems of different magnitudes present their own attributes and require different solutions. When facing tame problems, expert-oriented technical solutions can be very good; however, when facing complex wicked problems, it is more necessary for multiple stakeholders to participate in the solution of the problems. Therefore, a new design paradigm (design by people) that can adapt to complex problems is undoubtedly needed as a solution path for VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) nowadays.