Peace and Security: The Question of “Reunification” or “Unification” of Cameroon

This chapter argues that the unification of Cameroon created marginalisation against Anglophone Cameroonians (citizens of former British Southern Cameroons). The marginalisation of Anglophones established a strong sense of “Anglophone consciousness” which led to the rise of Anglophone separatist movements and the consequent deadly civil war that has created a lot of insecurity since 2016. As over 3000 people have been killed, more than 200 villages burnt, over 750,000 people internally displaced and more than 1.3 million people in need of humanitarian assistance. There is an urgent need to resolve the Cameroon Anglophone conflict. The study therefore makes sustainable recommendation for the return of the two-state federation as the most practicable solution to the ongoing crisis in Cameroon.