Quantum Description of Rayleigh Scattering of Quantized Electromagnetic Field

In this chapter, we study Rayleigh scattering of quantum electromagnetic field by a quantum atom. The scattering process is considered to be the spontaneous emission of the photons of the incident mode into the reservoir of free space modes. We critically evaluate multiple formulations of this problem, encompassing scenarios involving single- and multiple-photon scatterings, and the scattering of coherent light. We derive and solve the Lindblad equation to elucidate the dynamics of this scattering phenomenon. Our findings underscore a departure from classical physics, as the quantum approach aligns closely with experimental observations, enhancing our understanding of Rayleigh scattering at the quantum level.