Landslide Risk Assessment, Awareness, and Risk Mitigation: Case Studies and Major Insights

Landslide is one of the major environmental disasters which affects both our natural ecosystems and human well-being. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of landslide risk management is crucial. A total of 444 mass movement-related events occurred from 2000 to 2022. Among all these events, landslides were 346 and China (56), Indonesia (52), India (28), Colombia were the most landslide-affected countries. In this chapter, landslide risk assessment, awareness, and risk mitigation were discussed. After a thorough analysis of more than 50 case studies globally, this chapter showcased the major insights. Results found that both quantitative and qualitative methods were used for landslide risk assessment and mapping. More widely used methods include multi-criteria analysis, cluster analysis, multi-variate analysis, Fuzzy modelling, analytical hierarchy approach, machine learning and artificial intelligence. Landslide risk mitigation encompasses both structural and non-structural measures. Particularly, nature-based solutions such as vegetation coverage are cost-effective and environment-friendly measures. It is also found that community-based landslide risk reduction and early warning based landslide risk mitigation are more successful. In addition to risk mitigation, awareness programs play a vital role in educating the public and children about landslide risk management. Existing scientific knowledge from case studies explains the different forms of such awareness campaign. However, there is a gap between the affected communities and relevant stakeholders. To bridge this gap, a strong collaboration and cooperation between all the actors and stakeholders needs to be ensured towards an integrated management of landslide risks.